Mannar district

Mannar District is located in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It is a region with a rich history, unique geography, and diverse cultural heritage. It is known for its stunning landscapes. Mannar has sandy beaches, lagoons, and historical landmarks. It is known as මන්නාරම දිස්ත්‍රික්කය (mannārama distrikkaya) in Sinhala and மன்னார் மாவட்டம் (Maṉṉār Māvaṭṭam) in Tamil.

History

Mannar has a long history that dates back thousands of years. It was a key region in ancient Sri Lankan trade routes due to its coastal location. The ancient port of Mannar was a hub for trade with countries like India, Arabia, and Europe. Traders exchanged goods such as pearls, spices, and textiles.

During the colonial period, Mannar was ruled by the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. The Portuguese built the famous Mannar Fort in 1560 to control the pearl trade. Later, the Dutch and British used Mannar as an administrative and military center.

The district also has connections to historical legends. Many believe that Mannar is linked to the ancient Ramayana, an epic story from India. The famous ‘Adam’s Bridge’ (Rama’s Bridge), a chain of limestone shoals between Mannar and India, is said to have been built by Rama’s army.

In recent history, Mannar faced challenges during Sri Lanka’s civil conflict.

Geography

Mannar District covers an area of about 1,996 square kilometers (771 sq mi). It is located on the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka, with the Gulf of Mannar to the west. The district has both mainland areas and islands, including the well-known Mannar Island. Mannar Island is connected to the mainland by a causeway.

The district is known for its dry climate and sandy soils. Its vegetation includes palmyrah trees, scrub forests, and mangroves. The Mannar lagoon is a significant geographical feature, providing rich biodiversity. Many migratory birds visit the district during the winter months, making it a popular spot for birdwatchers.

The coastline of Mannar has shallow waters and coral reefs. The famous Adam’s Bridge extends from Mannar Island towards the southern tip of India. This natural formation attracts tourists.