National Symbols

National symbols of Sri Lanka are defined by The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Each national symbol represents a unique aspect of its history, culture, society and biodiversity. The national symbols of Sri Lanka are, flag of Sri Lanka, emblem of Sri Lanka, national tree, flower, bird, gemstone, sport, butterfly, anthem, and national languages

Flag of Sri Lanka

The flag of Sri Lanka adopted in 1950. It proudly displays a maroon background. At its center stands a majestic lion holding a sword in its right fore paw. Four golden bo tree leaves, representing the Four Sublime States of Buddhism, adorn the corners, while a vibrant yellow border frames the flag. The left side features two vertical stripes in green and saffron colors.

Emblem of Sri Lanka

The national emblem, established in 1972, echoes the island’s heritage, administration and governance. At its core lies a lion clutching a sword, mirroring the national flag’s symbolism. Surrounding the lion are petals of the lotus, a revered flower in Buddhist culture, set against a backdrop of maroon. Encircling the emblem are bunch of paddy. Above rests the wheel of dharma, while below, the sun and moon and between them a grain vase.

National Tree

The Ceylon Ironwood (Mesua ferrea), declared the national tree in 1986, stands tall as a symbol of endurance and heritage. Locally known as “naa,” this tree holds profound significance in Theravada Buddhism, associated with enlightenment. Its wide distribution across the island, coupled with its historic and cultural importance, makes it a fitting symbol of Sri Lanka’s natural bounty and spiritual reverence.

National Flower

The Blue Water Lily flower (Nymphahea Stellata), designated as the national flower in 1986, graces Sri Lanka’s landscape with its serene beauty and symbolic depth. Known locally as “Nil Mahanel,” this exquisite flower symbolizes truth, purity, and discipline. Its presence in ceremonies and its connection to Buddhism further underscores its cultural significance, weaving a thread of spirituality into the fabric of Sri Lankan identity.

National Bird

The Sri Lankan Junglefowl (Gallus lafayetii), proudly designated as the national bird, embodies the island’s endemic wildlife and vibrant biodiversity. The bird has plumage of red, yellow, earthy tones and more colors that make it as colorful bird. Roaming through national parks, dense scrub and jungles, it serves as a testament to Sri Lanka’s commitment to wildlife conservation.

National Gemstone

The Blue Sapphire was proclaimed as the national gemstone in 2003, and a postage stamp worth of Rs. 4.50 was also issued to mark the announcement. Sri Lanka’s blue sapphires, famed for their quality and size, have captured the world’s fascination for centuries. This illustrious gemstone reflects the island’s rich geological heritage and enduring legacy as a treasure trove of precious stones.

National Sport

Volleyball, officially recognized as the national sport in 1991. Introduced to the island in 1916, volleyball has since become a beloved pastime, fostering camaraderie and sportsmanship across communities. As Sri Lanka’s athletes compete on the global stage, volleyball serves as a rallying point for national pride and sporting excellence.

National Butterfly

The Sri Lankan Birdwing (Troides darsius), declared the national butterfly. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, and this majestic butterfly symbolizes the island’s biodiversity. As a flagship species in butterfly conservation, it is a largest Sri Lankan butterfly. It has glossy black and bright yellow colors with an attractive pattern.

National Anthem

National Anthem, “Sri Lanka Matha” believed to have originated from the pen of the revered poet Rabindranath Tagore. Later it had musical form in the composition of Ananda Samarakoon in 1940 before the country’s independence. In 1951, it was officially adopted as the national anthem. The inaugural performance was held on the fourth anniversary of independence day on 4 February 1952.

National Languages

Sinhala and Tamil hold the prestigious status of national languages by the Constitution. Sinhala, predominantly spoken by the Sinhalese with approximately 16.6 million speakers. Conversely, Tamil, spoken by native Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils, and Sri Lankan Moors, boasts a vibrant community of around 5 million speakers.

National symbols of Sri Lanka: Unofficial

There are official National symbols of Sri Lanka. However, there are unofficial national symbols that has no official status. Sri Lanka may not officially recognize these symbols, they serve as a powerful testament to the nation’s identity and spirit.

National Animal: Sri Lankan elephant

Though Sri Lanka lacks an official national animal, the Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) reigns supreme in the hearts of its people. Revered throughout history, these gentle giants are not only emblematic of the island’s natural heritage but also play a pivotal role in religious ceremonies. The lion and grizzled giant squirrel also hold local importance as unofficial national animal. Lion is the most celebrated animal among Sinhalese. The Sri Lankan lion (Panthera leo sinhaleyus) is an extinct prehistoric subspecies of lion from Sri Lanka.

National Dress: Sarong & Shirt and Sari

In a land where diversity thrives, Sri Lanka’s unofficial national dress reflects the colorful tapestry of its multicultural society. While there is no singular attire that encapsulates the essence of the nation, the sarong and shirt for men and the sari for women stand out as timeless classics. From the bustling streets of Colombo to the tranquil villages of Jaffna, these traditional garments serve as a proud reminder of Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage, transcending boundaries and unifying communities.

National Monument: Independence Memorial Hall

Standing as a testament to the nation’s struggle for independence, the Independence Memorial Hall stands tall in the heart of Sri Lanka’s capital. Inspired by the grandeur of the Royal Audience Hall of the Kingdom of Kandy, this iconic structure, also known as Magul Maduwa, evokes a sense of pride and unity among Sri Lankans. While not officially designated as a national monument, its significance as a symbol of freedom.

National Dish: Rice and Curry

Rice and curry is an iconic dish epitomizes the essence of Sri Lankan cuisine. From fragrant coconut sambols to succulent seafood curries, each bite tells a story of tradition, passion, and culinary innovation.