North Central province

North Central Province (NC) is one of the nine administrative provinces of Sri Lanka, located in the central part of the island. As the heartland of the island’s ancient kingdoms, North Central Province is not only rich in culture but also plays a crucial role in the agricultural and economic development of Sri Lanka. The province includes some of the country’s most iconic heritage sites, such as the ancient cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, which attract thousands of visitors and pilgrims each year.

Geography

North Central Province is strategically situated in the center of Sri Lanka, bordered by several other provinces: the North Western Province to the west, the Eastern Province to the east, the Northern Province to the north, and the Uva Province to the south. The province spans an area of approximately 10,471 square kilometers (4,043 sq mi), making it one of the larger provinces in Sri Lanka by land area.

The geography of North Central Province is characterized by flat terrain and dry zone vegetation. The region experiences a tropical climate, with a marked dry season and occasional rainfall. Due to the abundance of rivers and the development of irrigation systems throughout its history, agriculture is a significant activity in the province, with rice farming being the dominant crop. Ancient irrigation systems, including reservoirs and canals, were developed during the reign of King Parakramabahu and have continued to support farming in the region. Key landmarks in the province include the Minneriya National Park, home to large herds of elephants, and the Ritigala mountain range, which has archaeological and ecological importance.

Demographics

The population of North Central Province is diverse, with the majority of people living in rural areas. The population is relatively smaller compared to the larger urbanized provinces like Western and Southern Sri Lanka. The province’s demographics are shaped by its history, culture, and economic activities, with a significant emphasis on agriculture, religious practices, and rural traditions.

Ethnicity

The majority of the population in North Central Province is Sinhalese, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka. The Sinhalese people have a deep-rooted historical connection to the region, particularly in ancient cities like Anuradhapura, which was once the capital of the island. Over time, the Sinhalese have been the dominant community in the province, and their cultural practices are reflected in the province’s festivals, traditions, and religious sites.

Religion

The religious landscape of North Central Province is predominantly Buddhist, reflecting the island’s majority religion. Buddhism plays an integral role in the daily lives of the people, with numerous temples, stupas, and monasteries scattered across the province. Anuradhapura, in particular, is one of the holiest Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka, housing significant landmarks such as the Sri Maha Bodhi (a sacred bo tree) and the Ruwanwelisaya stupa. These sites are not only pilgrimage destinations for Sri Lankan Buddhists but also attract visitors from around the world.

In addition to Buddhism, there are also minority religious communities in North Central Province. Tamil Hindus practice their religion in certain areas, with temples dedicated to Hindu deities. The presence of Christians and Muslims, although smaller, adds to the province’s religious diversity. Christian churches and Muslim mosques are found in some of the towns and villages in the province, reflecting the multicultural nature of Sri Lankan society.

Administrative Divisions

Anuradhapura is not only the capital of North Central Province but also a major historical and cultural center in Sri Lanka. The district is known for its ancient ruins and temples, making it a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is one of the oldest cities in the country, and the district continues to serve as a hub for Buddhism, agriculture, and tourism. The district is home to numerous rice paddy fields, an essential aspect of the province’s agricultural economy.

Polonnaruwa, the second district in North Central Province, was once the capital of Sri Lanka following the decline of Anuradhapura. Like Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa is filled with archaeological sites and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The district is notable for its ancient buildings, including the Royal Palace, the Gal Vihara (a rock temple), and various other Buddhist monuments. Agriculture is also a critical economic activity in Polonnaruwa, with rice and other crops grown in the fertile lands supported by an intricate network of irrigation systems.

Both Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts are divided into smaller administrative units known as divisional secretariats, each of which manages local affairs such as education, health, and infrastructure. The North Central Provincial Council, which oversees the overall administration of the province, coordinates with local authorities to ensure the smooth functioning of governance and development programs.